MECHANISM OF ACTION FOR CELLULAR

The aging of tissue is actually the aging of the cells that build the tissues. Cells, which once divided at a rapid rate, begin to divide at a slower rate, resulting in a reduction of cell functionality. This same process also occurs within the cells that comprise the walls of blood vessels, resulting in a decline in those vessels that provide nutrients and oxygen to the cells. The tissues become thin as a result, and begin a steady decline, losing their ability to perform regeneration. Everything goes into decline: from the level of collagen and elastin to the fat in the fat layer.

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These aging tissues find it difficult to repair the damage, and along with the low quality of the extracellular matrix, results in the development of scars that can create dysfunction. Studies show that glucose plays a significant role in this process. As the cells age and become dysfunctional, glucose becomes less effective at entering the cells and starts to accumulate in the extracellular matrix. This accumulation increases the number of connections between the collagen and the elastin, resulting in loss of tissue elasticity.

THE DECLINE IN BLOOD FLOW RESULTS IN

1. Flattening of cells and a resultant decline in epidermal thickness.
2. Elastosis – a condition caused when the cells of the dermis produce less and less  collagen and elastin, which in turn causes loss of elasticity and the development of wrinkles.
3. Decrease in sebum production, which in turn causes drier skin and reduction in elasticity.
4. Lessening of fat mass, which results in a reduction in the subcutaneous layer thickness.
5. Decline in muscle mass and its natural tension, resulting in a saggy look.
6. A diminished number of nerve cells- neurons. As a result of reduced axons, fewer axons are innervating more motor units and the movement of the muscles is less refined.
7. Reduction in the efficacy of the lymphatic system. As a result, the skin loses its glow and becomes puffy.